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What is "Suspicious
Activity?"
"Am I witnessing
a threat or a crime?" Most of us have found ourselves
wondering this at some time or other. However, because we are not
really sure, we tend to ignore what we have just seen and, hoping it
wasn't so, we continue about our business. Prior to September 11,
2001 this would have been an acceptable reaction. But times have
changed, and we no longer have that luxury.
Keeping in mind that
"People aren't suspicious, behavior is," here are some
situational examples of behaviors and activities that may help you
determine what is
suspicious and, thus, what should be reported:
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UNUSUAL
OPERATION OF A SMALL BOAT, ACCOMPANIED BY VIDEO TAPING
OR STILL PHOTOGRAPHY |
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You
observe a boat being operated aimlessly (with
no apparent destination). The boat is occupied
by three young to middle-age people -- not a
"family" as usually seeing cruising these
waters. A little while later you see the same
boat, this time with two occupants, and its movement is
repetitive. It circles around bridge
abutments for awhile, and makes several passes
alongside a shore side power plant, moored
commercial vessels, and a ferry passenger terminal.
You notice that the passenger is taking still
and video pictures of the facilities. Later you
observe the boat picking up the third person
from a public dock near the bridge. He boards
the boat carrying a video camera and a notebook. These
actions could indicate initial surveillance of a potential
terrorist targets, or preparation for an attack,
and should be reported.
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PEOPLE
TAKING STILL PHOTOGRAPHS OR VIDEO TAPING FROM THE SHORE |
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A white mid-sized four-door sedan pulls into a
"view" area near a railway bridge; drops off two
passengers, and departs. One of the passengers
begins taking video pictures of the bridge and
of a commuter train and a long freight train
which, headed in opposite directions, pass each
other on the bridge about 15 minutes later. (As
a frequent and long-time marina worker, you know
they do every weekday throughout the year). The
second person appears to be taking notes, and
occasionally glances at his left wrist as if
checking a watch.
You continue down river, returning to your home
marina just a quarter mile South. As you pull
into the service dock, you notice what appears
to be the same white sedan parked at water's
edge in the marina parking lot. The driver is
outside the car, and is in the process of
packing a large video camera into its storage
case. A few minutes later he gets into his
vehicle and drives away.
People photographing or video taping potential terrorist
targets are engaged in activities that should be
considered suspicious.
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PERSON
RUNNING |
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You
notice a person running away from an area close
to a secure facility. Some questions should come
to mind: Does this person's
behavior or dress indicate he is more than the
usual jogger? Does he appear to be someone just
in a hurry, or does his running have a
heightened sense of urgency or tension about it?
It would be suspicious if he were looking about
furtively, as if he were concerned about being observed or
pursued.
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PERSON
ENGAGED IN SURVEILLANCE |
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You
work in a business in the immediate vicinity of
a ferry terminal, and you ride the ferry to and
from work everyday. One day you observe a
particular person taking pictures of the shore
side -- unusual for people riding the ferry
during "commute time." While at work you notice
the same person board a ferry to a different
destination, and return a few hours later. The
next day you see the same person loitering
around the terminal as passengers pass through
security while boarding ferries -- at one point
the person joins a group lining up to board a
ferry, takes some pictures, but leaves the group
without boarding. During the day you see this
person making two round-trip ferry rides -- once
wearing a large back pack, and once carrying a
oversized brief case. Over several days you
notice the same person engaged in varied
activity, at different times, all in the
vicinity of the ferry terminal. Could the
activity be completely innocent and explainable?
Of course. Could the person be engaged in
surveillance in preparation for a terrorist
attack? Perhaps. Is the behavior suspicious
enough to report. Yes.
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PERSON
ASKING UNUSUAL QUESTIONS |
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While you are working on a customer's boat, a
stranger approaches you and strikes up a
conversation. She says she is interested in
renting dock space for her boat at the marina,
and says, "I guess my boat will be pretty secure
here since it's very close to the power plant
across the bay, and I'm sure the area is heavily
patrolled by the Coast Guard and police." She
then presses you for more details about the type
of land and water patrols, their frequency and their scheduling.
The person may be asking legitimate questions,
but may also be gathering information for a
potential terrorist attack.
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SUSPICIOUS
CONDITIONS -- PHYSICAL BREACHES OF SECURITY |
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A
chain link security fence topped by barbed wire
has been erected around the abutments of a
bridge you pass by every day. One day you notice
that there is a large hole in the fence, large
enough to allow a person to climb through. Even
though you don't observe either anyone in the
area or any object placed inside the fence, you
are aware that the hole is large enough for an
adult to crawl through.
Several hundred feet down the road, you
also notice a car or truck parked in an
unusual place -- very close to another
security fence at a waterfront shipping facility.
The vehicle could be used as a platform
for terrorists or criminals to facilitate
climbing over the fence to gain access to the
secured area.
Both
of these are suspicious conditions and physical breaches
of security that should be reported, so the
fence can
be repaired and the vehicle moved.
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PERSON
RENTING A BOAT -- TOTALITY OF CONDUCT |
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You
work at a business that rents small boats by the
hour. In the process of renting a boat for the
day "to do some fishing," two men ask about the
"best fishing spots" on the bay and, pointing in
the direction of the Navy base to the North, ask
if that might not be a good place to fish. You
tell them, "No, the best fishing is in the South
Bay area." They fill out the paperwork, and pay
you the required deposit and "full day" rate
with a credit card. Neither of them seem all
that interested in the terms of the contract,
nor in the fact that they are not entitled to a
partial refund if they return before the end of
the day. You then help them load the boat with
obviously brand-new fishing equipment and two
large coolers, and take the time to remind them,
"It might be a good idea to buy some bait."
After you check them out on operation of the
boat, they leave the dock -- and head North in
the direction of the Navy base. The whole
situation starts to seem strange to you,
including the fact that the person's recently
issued drivers license provided as proof of
identity, the bank credit card used for payment,
and the license plate on their vehicle were from
three different states. Individually, each of
the oddities in this situation do not rise to
the level of "suspicious behavior," but when
viewed in their totality they do.
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Right after September
11, 2001, just about every American realized that "a terrorist
attack could happen again", and adopted a heightened sense of
awareness of the possibility. If a plane flew over a baseball
stadium, every eye looked skyward -- at least in part a visceral
reaction to the possibility we were once again being attacked. Over
time, though, people's minds adapted to the new reality, and they
realized that if engines of an attacking aircraft could be heard, it
was probably too late to do anything about it.
But there are things you
can do.
America's Waterway
Watch gives normal citizens the ability to harness their
"heightened sense of awareness" in a way that is both meaningful and
productive. Because it is a personal system, where you
logically determine what is suspicious, it is more understandable
than any color-coded advisory system where the determination is made
by others. And because it is a reporting system, you can
actually do something with the information you observe and develop.
Simply agreeing to
participate in America's Waterway Watch raises your awareness
level one notch -- you know you have a job to do. Reading the
program's material, you will realize that you are recognized as
having a certain amount of expertise about the waterway environment
you spend much of your time in -- you know what "normal activity"
is and, conversely, what activity is "not normal." This
expertise is invaluable to the professionals who will follow up on
what you report -- another notch.
The "case study"
narrative examples set forth above describe many individual "facts"
-- each of which may be seen as normal behavior by many observers.
But each of them, also, may trigger the "heightened sense of
awareness" of you or another local expert who may feel that the
activity is "just not normal" for the time and place, and just might
be "suspicious" when viewed in conjunction with other facts in plain
view.
The fact that catches
your immediate attention -- the initial "trigger" -- may be
completely innocuous and have no bearing on a final determination
that the overall activity is suspicious. For example, you might know
(or think) that a "white mid-sized four-door sedan" (in the second
case study, above) is typical of rental cars, but that "fact" may
have nothing to do with the subsequent suspicious activities.
Without it, though, you may not have continued to pay attention, and
you may never have never connected the dots that followed.
And, though some
suspicious activity can only be identified either by observation
over a period of time and/or through logically considering the
"totality of conduct," sometimes immediate action is called for. If,
for example, a person is seen entering a potential terrorist target
through a hole in a security fence, and placing a package inside the
facility, you should rightfully call law enforcement authorities on
911, or the Coast Guard on Marine Channel 16.
When you participate in
America's Waterway Watch, you become another set of "eyes and
ears" for the Coast Guard and for local law enforcement agencies --
both of which need all they help they can get in identifying threats
to our Homeland Security. Being a witness after the fact --
telling us what you previously saw after an attack has been executed
-- will not help at all.
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To Report
Suspicious Activity:
Call
the National Response Center at 877-24WATCH
If There Is Immediate Danger to Life or
Property, Call 9-1-1 or Call the Coast Guard on
Marine Channel 16 |
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